Expanding Treatment Options for Neuromodulators

Expanding treatment options for neuromodulators: an introduction to incobotulinumtoxinA.

In the early 21st century, members of the medical community have been both witnesses to and participants in significant changes in the field of aesthetic surgery and medicine, including nonsurgical facial rejuvenation. Although some of dermal fillers were available prior to 2000, their indications were primarily therapeutic. Now, various categories of dermal fillers exist, including hyaluronic ...

Filgotinib for Crohn's disease-expanding treatment options.

Interspinous Process Decompression: Expanding Treatment Options for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Interspinous process decompression is a minimally invasive implantation procedure employing a stand-alone interspinous spacer that functions as an extension blocker to prevent compression of neural elements without direct surgical removal of tissue adjacent to the nerves. The Superion® spacer is the only FDA approved stand-alone device available in the US. It is also the only spacer approved by...

Neurotoxins: Expanding Uses of Neuromodulators in Medicine--Headache.

Over the course of the past 17 years, since the initial discovery of the association between botulinum toxin-A (BT-A) and the reduction of headache symptoms, the use of this neurotoxin has greatly evolved. BT-A has emerged as an alternative to prophylactic pharmacological therapies in the prevention of chronic migraine headaches, with an excellent safety profile and proven efficacy, and is Food...

Expanding policy options for educating teenagers.

David Stern argues that some basic features of the American high school must be modified if it is to serve all students successfully. He notes, for example, that only three-quarters of U.S. high school students graduate four years after beginning ninth grade and that the National Assessment of Educational Progress found no improvement in reading or mathematics for seventeen-year-olds between 19...